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Why were the Balkans so politically unstable before World War 1 other than having so many cultures in a small area?

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Short answer:

1) the region is a gateway between Europe and Middle East, then onwards into Asia. It's a strategic location, and many countries (including the US) want control over the land routes.

2) the population is very diverse - muslims, catholics, orthodoxs, and their identity is based on cultural, rather than civic values.

All this adds to political instability pretty quickly.

Answer

In the 80-100 years before 1914 the whole area was simply gripped by nationalism - which is a highly inflamatory and unstable force.

Answer

the Ottoman Empire was in its last years so the countries saw this as a chance to get liberated and expand

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The balkans - World War 1?  How did the balkans change after World War 1?  Why were the balkans unstable during World War 1?  Why was the powder keg of Europe applied to the Balkans?  Why were the Balkans so politically unstable before WWI other than having so many cultures in a small area?